This comprehensive textile glossary is designed for B2B buyers, fashion brands, and textile professionals. Use the search bar above or click on a letter to quickly find technical terms, fiber definitions, and industry terminology. All definitions are for informational purposes only.
Complete Textile Glossary
Comprehensive textile terminology guide by Vera Nadar Textile
1
1×1 Rib
Fabric Types & ConstructionsA rib knit fabric alternating one knit stitch and one purl stitch. Creates a fine, elastic ribbed texture.
Applications: T-shirt Necklines, Sleeve Cuffs, Lightweight Collars
Advantages: Fine texture, good elasticity, neat appearance
Disadvantages: Less substantial than 2×2 rib
2
2×2 Rib
Fabric Types & ConstructionsA rib knit alternating two knit stitches and two purl stitches. Creates a more pronounced ribbed texture than 1×1 rib.
Applications: Sweater Cuffs, Waistbands, Polo Collar Trim
Advantages: More substantial, very elastic, good shape retention
Disadvantages: Bulkier than 1×1 rib
Related Terms: 1×1 Rib, Rib Knit, Waffle Knit
3
3-Thread Fleece
Fabric Types & ConstructionsAlso called three-end fleece. A knit construction using three yarns: face yarn, backing yarn, and binding yarn. Creates a stable fleece with defined face and back.
Applications: Premium Hoodies, Sweatshirts, Quality Activewear
Advantages: More stable than standard fleece, defined face and reverse, quality appearance
Disadvantages: Heavier and more expensive than standard fleece
Related Terms: Fleece, French Terry, Loop-back Cotton
3D Embroidery
Print & DecorationEmbroidery with foam placed under the stitching to create a raised, three-dimensional effect. Creates bold, textured logos.
Applications: Baseball Caps, Hoodies, Branded Apparel, Sports Teams
Advantages: High-impact visual effect, durable, premium appearance
Disadvantages: More expensive than flat embroidery, foam can compress over time
Related Terms: Flat Embroidery, Puff Embroidery, DST File
A
Alcantara
Fabric Types & ConstructionsA premium synthetic microfiber fabric resembling ultra-suede. Made from polyester and polyurethane.
Applications: Luxury Accessories, Car Interiors, High-End Fashion
Advantages: Soft, durable, stain-resistant, animal-friendly
Disadvantages: Expensive, requires specific care
Related Terms: Suedette, Microfiber, Technical Fabrics
All-over Print
Print & DecorationA printing technique where the design covers the entire surface of a garment, printed before cutting and sewing. Also called AOP.
Applications: Fashion T-shirts, Sportswear, Swimwear, Streetwear
Advantages: No border restrictions, full design freedom
Disadvantages: Seams may interrupt pattern alignment
Related Terms: Sublimation, Digital Printing, AOP
Antimicrobial Finish
Care & FinishingA chemical treatment applied to fabric to inhibit the growth of bacteria, fungi, and mold. Reduces odor and extends garment freshness.
Applications: Sportswear, Socks, Underwear, Medical Textiles
Advantages: Reduces odor, extends time between washes
Disadvantages: Can wash out over time, some treatments raise health concerns
Related Terms: Silver Fiber, Performance Finish, Technical Textile
Applique
Print & DecorationDecorative technique where cut fabric pieces are sewn or fused onto a base fabric to create patterns or designs.
Applications: Children’s Wear, Fashion Garments, Sports Logos, Quilts
Advantages: Adds texture and dimension, durable when sewn
Disadvantages: Labor-intensive, edges can fray if not finished properly
Related Terms: Embroidery, Patchwork, Decoration
AQL
Quality & CertificationsAcceptable Quality Level. A statistical sampling method used in quality control to determine if a production lot should be accepted or rejected.
Applications: Quality control inspections, shipment acceptance
Advantages: Statistical basis for quality decisions, industry standard
Disadvantages: Some defective items always acceptable within AQL limits
Related Terms: Quality Control, Inspection, Defect Rate
Assembly Line
Production & ManufacturingA manufacturing process where garment production is divided into sequential operations, each performed by a specialized worker.
Applications: All large-scale garment manufacturing
Advantages: High efficiency, consistent quality through specialization
Disadvantages: Workers perform repetitive tasks, less flexibility
Related Terms: Production Line, Bundle System, Modular Production
B
Bartack
Production & ManufacturingA series of closely spaced stitches used to reinforce areas of stress in a garment, such as pocket corners, belt loops, and zipper ends.
Applications: Pocket corners, belt loops, zipper ends, stress points
Advantages: Significantly increases durability at stress points
Disadvantages: Additional machine operation required
Related Terms: Reinforcement, Stress Points, Sewing
Basket Weave
Fabric Types & ConstructionsA variation of plain weave where two or more yarns are woven together as one, creating a checkerboard-like pattern resembling a basket.
Applications: Shirts, Suits, Casual Wear, Home Textiles
Advantages: Distinctive texture, more flexible than standard plain weave
Disadvantages: Less durable than plain weave, yarns can shift
Related Terms: Oxford, Plain Weave, Hopsack
Batiste
Fabric Types & ConstructionsA very fine, lightweight plain-weave fabric, typically made from cotton or polyester. Smooth and semi-sheer.
Applications: Baby Clothing, Handkerchiefs, Blouses, Linings
Advantages: Extremely soft, lightweight, comfortable against skin
Disadvantages: Delicate, shows through as sheer
Related Terms: Voile, Lawn, Sheer Fabrics
Bill of Lading
Business & Trade TermsA legal document issued by a carrier acknowledging receipt of cargo for shipment. Serves as a receipt, contract of carriage, and document of title.
Applications: Sea freight shipments, title transfer, payment triggers
Advantages: Legal document of title, essential for LC payments
Disadvantages: Original copies must be carefully managed
Related Terms: Commercial Invoice, Packing List, Freight
Biopolishing
Care & FinishingAn enzymatic finishing treatment for cotton and cellulosic fabrics that removes surface fuzz and fibrils, improving appearance and reducing pilling.
Applications: Premium cotton knitwear, anti-pilling treatment
Advantages: Eco-friendly, improves appearance, reduces pilling
Disadvantages: Slight fabric weight loss, cost of enzyme treatment
Related Terms: Enzyme Treatment, Anti-Pill, Cotton Finishing
Bluesign
Quality & CertificationsA sustainability standard for the textile industry that ensures safe and environmentally friendly manufacturing by setting standards for chemical use, water, energy, and labor.
Applications: Outdoor industry, sustainable fashion, performance textiles
Advantages: Comprehensive sustainability standard, outdoor industry requirement
Disadvantages: Complex implementation, primarily for fabric mills
Related Terms: OEKO-TEX, GOTS, Sustainability
Body Length
Sizing & MeasurementsThe measurement from the HPS (High Point Shoulder) to the bottom hem of a garment, taken at center back.
Applications: T-shirt and top length specification
Advantages: Standard way to communicate garment length
Disadvantages: Front and back lengths may differ
Related Terms: HPS, Garment Measurements, Spec Sheet
Boiled Wool
Fabric Types & ConstructionsWool fabric that has been wet-finished and fulled to create a dense, felted texture. Does not fray when cut.
Applications: Jackets, Coats, Slippers, Hats, Accessories
Advantages: Does not fray, warm, dense texture, water-resistant
Disadvantages: Heavy, cannot be stretched back if over-shrunk, felting irreversible
BOM
Production & ManufacturingBill of Materials. A comprehensive list of all materials, components, and quantities needed to produce a garment, including fabric, trims, and packaging.
Applications: Production planning, costing, material ordering
Advantages: Ensures all materials are ordered and available before production
Disadvantages: Time-consuming to create, must be kept updated
Related Terms: Techpack, Costing Sheet, Material Planning
Bonded Fabric
Fabric Types & ConstructionsTwo or more fabric layers joined together using adhesive, heat, or stitching to create a composite material with combined properties.
Applications: Technical Outerwear, Structured Garments, Protective Clothing
Advantages: Combines properties of multiple fabrics, added stability
Disadvantages: Can delaminate, heavier, less breathable
Related Terms: Laminate, Technical Fabrics
Brocade
Fabric Types & ConstructionsA richly decorative jacquard-woven fabric with raised patterns, often incorporating metallic threads.
Applications: Evening Wear, Bridal Wear, Upholstery, Accessories
Advantages: Very decorative, rich appearance, prestigious
Disadvantages: Heavy, stiff, expensive, difficult to care for
Broderie
Fabric Types & ConstructionsA French term for embroidered fabric. In fashion, refers to fabrics decorated with embroidery techniques.
Applications: Fashion Garments, Accessories, Decorative Textiles
Advantages: Decorative, adds value, unique appearance
Disadvantages: Expensive, delicate, requires careful care
Related Terms: Broderie Anglaise, Embroidery, Lace
Broderie Anglaise
Fabric Types & ConstructionsAn embroidered fabric featuring cut-out eyelet patterns on cotton or linen. The name means English embroidery in French.
Applications: Summer Dresses, Blouses, Children’s Wear, Trim
Advantages: Decorative, lightweight, feminine aesthetic
Disadvantages: Holes require lining, delicate
Related Terms: Lace, Embroidery, Cotton
Brushing
Care & FinishingA mechanical finishing process that raises fiber ends on fabric surface to create a soft, napped texture. Creates flannel and brushed fabric effects.
Applications: Flannel, Brushed Cotton, Peach Skin finish
Advantages: Creates soft, warm surface texture
Disadvantages: Weakens fabric slightly, increases pilling tendency
BSCI
Quality & CertificationsBusiness Social Compliance Initiative. A common platform for companies seeking to improve working conditions in their global supply chains.
Applications: Supply chain auditing, European retail compliance
Advantages: Required by many European retailers, standardized audit process
Disadvantages: Audit costs, ongoing improvement requirements
Related Terms: WRAP, SA8000, Social Compliance
Buckram
Fabric Types & ConstructionsA very stiff, coarsely woven cotton or linen fabric, often stiffened with sizing. Used for structural support in garments.
Applications: Interfacing, Hat Brims, Book Binding, Structured Collars
Advantages: Provides rigid structure, durable
Disadvantages: Very stiff, not comfortable against skin
Related Terms: Interfacing, Interlining, Nonwoven
Bulk Production
Production & ManufacturingThe full-scale manufacturing of a garment after all samples have been approved. The main production run that fulfills the purchase order.
Applications: Fulfilling commercial orders for wholesale and retail
Advantages: Economies of scale reduce per-unit cost
Disadvantages: Errors affect entire production run, difficult to correct
Related Terms: MOQ, Lead Time, Pre-Production Sample
Burnout
Fabric Types & ConstructionsA fabric with a pattern created by chemically dissolving one fiber in a blend, leaving a sheer pattern on an opaque background.
Applications: Evening Wear, Blouses, Scarves, Luxury Garments
Advantages: Unique visual effect, semi-transparent pattern, luxurious appearance
Disadvantages: Delicate, expensive, requires careful care
Burnout Velvet
Fabric Types & ConstructionsA velvet fabric where some of the pile has been chemically removed to create a sheer pattern against an opaque velvet background.
Applications: Evening Wear, Scarves, Luxury Garments
Advantages: Dramatic visual effect, luxurious appearance
Disadvantages: Very delicate, expensive, dry clean only
C
Cable Knit
Fabric Types & ConstructionsA knit fabric with a pattern of interlocking cable-like twists formed by crossing groups of stitches over each other.
Applications: Sweaters, Cardigans, Scarves, Socks
Advantages: Warm, classic pattern, adds texture and visual interest
Disadvantages: Bulky, time-consuming to produce, yarn-intensive
CAD
Machinery & EquipmentComputer Aided Design. Software used for creating technical drawings, patterns, and designs for garments. Industry standard tools include Lectra, Gerber, and Optitex.
Applications: Pattern making, marker making, design development
Advantages: Precision, speed, easy modifications, digital storage
Disadvantages: High software cost, training required
Related Terms: Pattern Making, Marker Making, Grading
Calendering
Care & FinishingA finishing process where fabric passes through heavy rollers under pressure to create a smooth, flat, or embossed surface.
Applications: Dress fabrics, technical textiles, coated fabrics
Advantages: Improves surface smoothness, can create embossed patterns
Disadvantages: Effect may not be permanent, especially in natural fibers
Related Terms: Finishing, Embossing, Surface Treatment
Cambric
Fabric Types & ConstructionsA lightweight, plain-woven cotton or linen fabric with a slightly stiff finish. Finer and crisper than muslin.
Applications: Handkerchiefs, Linings, Baby Clothing, Fine Shirting
Advantages: Crisp finish, fine texture, lightweight
Disadvantages: Stiff, requires careful ironing
Canvas
Fabric Types & ConstructionsA heavy-duty plain-woven fabric, extremely durable and firm. Traditionally made from cotton or linen, now also polyester.
Applications: Bags, Shoes, Workwear, Outdoor Gear, Art Surfaces
Advantages: Extremely durable, stiff structure, weather-resistant
Disadvantages: Heavy, stiff, not comfortable against skin
Related Terms: Duck Canvas, Cotton, Waxed Canvas
Carbon Footprint
Sustainability & Eco TermsThe total amount of greenhouse gases produced by an activity, measured in CO2 equivalent. Textile industry accounts for approximately 10% of global carbon emissions.
Applications: Sustainability reporting, brand transparency, consumer information
Advantages: Quantifies environmental impact for comparison and improvement
Disadvantages: Complex to calculate accurately across full supply chain
Related Terms: Carbon Neutral, Scope 3 Emissions, Sustainability
Carbon Neutral
Sustainability & Eco TermsAchieving net zero carbon emissions by balancing carbon produced with carbon offset. Increasingly required for fashion brands.
Applications: Brand sustainability strategy, certification
Advantages: Environmental benefit, marketing credential, future regulatory compliance
Disadvantages: Carbon offsets criticized as insufficient, complex to achieve genuinely
Related Terms: Carbon Footprint, Net Zero, Carbon Offset
Care Label
Care & FinishingA mandatory label sewn into garments providing washing, drying, ironing, and dry cleaning instructions using standardized symbols.
Applications: All garments sold to consumers
Advantages: Guides correct garment care, legally required in most markets
Disadvantages: Symbols not always understood by consumers
Related Terms: ISO 3758, GINETEX, Woven Label
Chambray
Fabric Types & ConstructionsA plain-weave fabric with a colored warp and white weft, creating a soft, lightweight fabric often mistaken for denim.
Applications: Shirts, Dresses, Lightweight Jackets, Summer Wear
Advantages: Lightweight, breathable, soft, casual denim-like appearance
Disadvantages: Less durable than denim, fades quickly
Related Terms: Denim, Plain Weave, Cotton
Charmeuse
Fabric Types & ConstructionsA lightweight satin-weave fabric with a lustrous face and dull crepe-like back. Softer and more drapey than standard satin.
Applications: Lingerie, Evening Wear, Blouses, Scarves
Advantages: Very soft, excellent drape, luxurious appearance
Disadvantages: Delicate, snags easily, difficult to sew
Chest Measurement
Sizing & MeasurementsThe circumference measurement around the fullest part of the chest, taken horizontally. Primary measurement for tops and jackets.
Applications: Sizing for tops, shirts, jackets, suits
Advantages: Primary sizing reference for upper body garments
Disadvantages: Must specify if measured on body or garment (half chest)
Related Terms: Size Chart, Half Chest, Garment Measurements
Chiffon
Fabric Types & ConstructionsAn extremely lightweight, sheer plain-weave fabric with a slightly rough texture from twisted yarns. Originally silk, now commonly polyester.
Applications: Evening Wear, Scarves, Overlays, Blouses, Bridal Wear
Advantages: Lightweight, elegant, floaty drape, sheer beauty
Disadvantages: Very delicate, difficult to sew, snags easily
Chino
Fabric Types & ConstructionsA cotton twill fabric originally used for military uniforms. Softer and lighter than denim, with a distinctive diagonal weave.
Applications: Chino Trousers, Casual Shirts, Workwear, Shorts
Advantages: Smart-casual appearance, durable, comfortable, versatile
Disadvantages: Wrinkles easily, shows stains on lighter colors
CIF
Business & Trade TermsCost, Insurance, and Freight. The seller pays for cost, insurance, and freight to bring goods to destination port. Risk transfers when goods are on board.
Applications: International trade, when buyer wants inclusive pricing
Advantages: Seller arranges shipping, simpler for buyer
Disadvantages: Buyer less control over shipping costs and carrier choice
Circular Fashion
Sustainability & Eco TermsA sustainable approach to fashion design and production that eliminates waste by keeping materials in use through recycling, upcycling, and closed-loop systems.
Applications: Sustainable brand strategy, product design
Advantages: Reduces waste, conserves resources, emerging regulatory requirement
Disadvantages: Complex implementation, requires supply chain redesign
Related Terms: Circular Economy, Upcycling, Recycled Materials
Circular Knitting Machine
Machinery & EquipmentA knitting machine that produces fabric in a continuous tube using needles arranged in a circle. The primary machine for T-shirt and jersey fabric production.
Applications: Jersey, Rib, Fleece, Interlock fabric production
Advantages: High productivity, consistent tubular fabric, various gauges available
Disadvantages: Limited to tubular fabric, requires cutting for flat fabric
Related Terms: Knitting Machine, Single Jersey Machine, Double Jersey Machine
CMT
Production & ManufacturingCut, Make, and Trim. A production arrangement where the buyer supplies fabric and trims, and the manufacturer provides only the cutting, sewing, and trimming services.
Applications: Brands with their own fabric sourcing, private label production
Advantages: Buyer controls material costs and quality
Disadvantages: Buyer takes on more logistical responsibility
Related Terms: Full Package Production, Cut and Sew, OEM
Colorfastness
Quality & CertificationsThe resistance of a fabric’s color to fading or running when exposed to washing, light, rubbing, sweat, or other conditions.
Applications: Quality testing, fabric specification
Advantages: Ensures color durability throughout garment life
Disadvantages: Testing adds cost, some dyes inherently less colorfast
Related Terms: Wash Test, Light Fastness, Color Testing
Commercial Invoice
Business & Trade TermsThe official transaction document between buyer and seller showing the actual amount charged. Required for customs clearance.
Applications: Customs clearance, payment, accounting
Advantages: Essential legal document for international trade
Disadvantages: Must be accurate to avoid customs issues
Related Terms: Pro Forma Invoice, Packing List, Bill of Lading
Compression Fabric
Fabric Types & ConstructionsA tight-fitting knit fabric that applies graduated pressure to muscles to improve performance and reduce fatigue.
Applications: Compression Tights, Shorts, Socks, Recovery Garments
Advantages: Improves circulation, reduces muscle fatigue, supports recovery
Disadvantages: Can be uncomfortable if too tight, sizing critical
Related Terms: Power Stretch, Spandex, Performance Fabrics
Corduroy
Fabric Types & ConstructionsA fabric with a distinctive ridged or waled texture created by cut pile forming cords. Made from cotton or cotton blends.
Applications: Trousers, Jackets, Shirts, Children’s Wear
Advantages: Durable, warm, distinctive texture, classic casual look
Disadvantages: Heavy, cords can wear down, vintage aesthetic not always desired
Related Terms: Velvet, Pile Fabrics, Cotton
Costing Sheet
Production & ManufacturingA detailed document calculating the total cost to produce a garment, including fabric, trims, labor, overhead, and profit margin.
Applications: Pricing, negotiations, production planning
Advantages: Transparent cost breakdown for negotiations
Disadvantages: Requires accurate material costs and labor rates
Coverstitch
Production & ManufacturingA professional sewing stitch that creates two parallel rows of stitching on the top and a looped stitch on the bottom. Standard for T-shirt hems.
Applications: T-shirt hems, Activewear, Knitwear hemming
Advantages: Professional finish, stretches with fabric, durable
Disadvantages: Requires dedicated coverstitch machine
Related Terms: Overlock, Hemming, Knitwear Construction
Crepe
Fabric Types & ConstructionsA fabric with a distinctive crinkled or pebbled texture achieved through twisted yarns or chemical treatment. Available in many fiber types.
Applications: Dresses, Blouses, Trousers, Evening Wear
Advantages: Elegant drape, wrinkle-resistant, hides figure flaws, versatile
Disadvantages: Can stretch out of shape, some types require dry cleaning
Customs Duty
Business & Trade TermsA tax imposed on goods when they are transported across international borders. Calculated as a percentage of the customs value.
Applications: All international trade, import planning, pricing
Advantages: Understanding duties helps buyers calculate true landed cost
Disadvantages: Increases cost of imported goods, varies by country and HS code
Related Terms: HS Code, Tariff, Import Tax
Cut and Sew
Production & ManufacturingA production method where fabric is cut into pattern pieces and then sewn together. The standard method for most garment production.
Applications: Most garment categories including T-shirts, hoodies, trousers
Advantages: Precise construction, wide design flexibility
Disadvantages: More expensive than blank printing, requires pattern making
Related Terms: CMT, Full Package Production, Knitting
Cutting
Production & ManufacturingThe process of cutting fabric according to pattern pieces. Can be done manually with scissors or using automated cutting machines.
Applications: All garment manufacturing
Advantages: Precision cutting reduces waste and ensures quality
Disadvantages: Cutting errors cannot be reversed
Related Terms: Spreading, Marker Making, Die Cutting
Cutting Machine
Machinery & EquipmentAutomated equipment for cutting multiple fabric layers simultaneously. Includes straight knife, round knife, band knife, and automated CNC cutters.
Applications: All garment manufacturing cutting operations
Advantages: Speed, precision, consistency, reduced labor
Disadvantages: High cost, maintenance required
Related Terms: Cutting, Marker Making, Spreading
D
Damask
Fabric Types & ConstructionsA reversible jacquard-woven fabric with patterns formed by contrasting the fabric weave structure. Pattern visible on both sides.
Applications: Table Linens, Upholstery, Formal Garments
Advantages: Elegant, reversible, durable pattern
Disadvantages: Expensive, formal appearance limits casual use
Deadstock Fabric
Sustainability & Eco TermsUnused fabric remaining from previous production runs or cancelled orders. Using deadstock reduces waste.
Applications: Small batch sustainable production, zero waste collections
Advantages: Reduces fabric waste, unique and limited availability
Disadvantages: Limited quantities, inconsistent availability, sizing limitations
Related Terms: Upcycling, Fabric Waste, Sustainable Fashion
Denim
Fabric Types & ConstructionsA sturdy cotton twill fabric woven with indigo-dyed warp threads and undyed weft threads. The fabric of blue jeans.
Applications: Jeans, Jackets, Skirts, Shorts, Workwear
Advantages: Very durable, improves with wear, versatile, iconic aesthetic
Disadvantages: Stiff when new, heavy, slow to dry, indigo transfers initially
Related Terms: Chambray, Twill, Indigo, Selvedge Denim
Digitizing
Print & DecorationThe process of converting artwork into an embroidery file (DST, EMB, or PES format) that embroidery machines can read.
Applications: All embroidery production
Advantages: One-time cost, reusable file, precise stitch control
Disadvantages: Requires skilled digitizer for best results, setup cost
Related Terms: DST File, Embroidery, Flat Embroidery
Dimensional Stability
Quality & CertificationsThe ability of a fabric to maintain its original dimensions after washing, dry cleaning, or exposure to environmental conditions.
Applications: Quality testing, fabric specification
Advantages: Ensures garment maintains size and shape after washing
Disadvantages: Natural fibers inherently less dimensionally stable than synthetics
Related Terms: Shrinkage, Wash Test, Sanforizing
Discharge Printing
Print & DecorationA screen printing technique that removes the dye from fabric rather than adding ink on top, resulting in an extremely soft print with no hand feel.
Applications: Premium fashion T-shirts, Soft vintage-look prints
Advantages: Zero hand feel, very soft, breathable, vintage aesthetic
Disadvantages: Only works on reactive-dyed natural fibers, chemical process
Related Terms: Water-based Ink, Screen Printing, Reactive Dye
Dobby
Fabric Types & ConstructionsA fabric with small geometric patterns woven into the structure using a dobby loom. More complex than plain weave but simpler than jacquard.
Applications: Shirts, Blouses, Neckwear, Dress Fabrics
Advantages: Subtle texture and pattern, adds interest without complexity
Disadvantages: More expensive than plain woven fabrics
Related Terms: Jacquard, Plain Weave, Pique
Double Jersey
Fabric Types & ConstructionsA knit fabric made with two sets of needles, creating a fabric with identical appearance on both sides. More stable than single jersey.
Applications: Polo Shirts, Sportswear, Dresses, Jackets
Advantages: More stable, heavier, does not curl at edges, reversible
Disadvantages: Less stretchy than single jersey, higher cost
Related Terms: Single Jersey, Interlock, Pique
DST File
Print & DecorationTajima DST. The most widely used embroidery machine file format. Contains stitch data, color changes, and machine commands.
Applications: Embroidery machine production
Advantages: Universal format compatible with most commercial embroidery machines
Disadvantages: Does not contain color information, must be specified separately
Related Terms: Digitizing, Embroidery, PES File
DTF Printing
Print & DecorationDirect to Film printing. A method where designs are printed onto a special film, then transferred to fabric using heat and pressure. Works on virtually any fabric type.
Applications: Custom T-shirts, Hoodies, Any fabric including cotton, polyester, blends
Advantages: No minimum order, works on dark fabrics, vibrant colors, no weeding required
Disadvantages: Higher per-unit cost than screen printing for large quantities, film waste
Related Terms: DTG Printing, Screen Printing, Heat Transfer
DTG Printing
Print & DecorationDirect to Garment printing. A method where ink is printed directly onto fabric using modified inkjet technology. Best for complex, photographic designs.
Applications: Custom T-shirts, Hoodies, Complex photographic designs
Advantages: No minimum order, unlimited colors, photographic quality
Disadvantages: Best on 100% cotton, fades faster than screen print, pre-treatment required for dark garments
Related Terms: DTF Printing, Screen Printing, Digital Printing
DWR
Care & FinishingDurable Water Repellency. A chemical finish applied to fabric to make water bead up and roll off the surface. Used in outdoor textiles.
Applications: Outdoor Jackets, Rain Gear, Technical Garments
Advantages: Water repellency without affecting breathability
Disadvantages: Wears off over time and with washing, PFAS environmental concerns
Related Terms: Waterproof, Hydrophobic, Technical Finish
E
Embroidery Machine
Machinery & EquipmentA computerized sewing machine that creates embroidered designs automatically from digitized files. Commercial machines have multiple heads for production efficiency.
Applications: Logo embroidery, decorative stitching, badge production
Advantages: High precision, consistent quality, multiple heads for efficiency
Disadvantages: High cost, requires digitized files, setup time per design
Related Terms: Embroidery, Digitizing, DST File
Enzyme Wash
Production & ManufacturingA biological washing process using cellulase enzymes to create a soft, worn appearance with less fabric damage than stone washing.
Applications: Denim, Cotton Casual Wear, Vintage Effects
Advantages: Less fabric damage than stone washing, eco-friendlier
Disadvantages: Requires careful control to prevent over-digestion
Related Terms: Stone Wash, Garment Washing, Biopolishing
EUDR
Sustainability & Eco TermsEU Deforestation Regulation. European Union regulation requiring companies to ensure products sold in the EU have not contributed to deforestation or forest degradation.
Applications: Cotton supply chains, leather supply chains, EU market access
Advantages: Prevents deforestation, requires supply chain transparency
Disadvantages: Complex due diligence requirements, affects all cotton products
Related Terms: Traceability, Supply Chain, Sustainability
European Sizing
Sizing & MeasurementsA sizing system used primarily in continental Europe based on body measurements in centimeters. Different from UK and US sizing.
Applications: European market garments
Advantages: Based on actual body measurements, consistent
Disadvantages: Differs from UK and US systems, confusing internationally
Related Terms: UK Sizing, US Sizing, International Sizing
EXW
Business & Trade TermsEx Works. The seller makes goods available at their premises. Buyer bears all costs and risks from that point, including loading.
Applications: When buyer has own logistics capability, local pickup
Advantages: Lowest price point for buyer, full control of logistics
Disadvantages: Buyer responsible for all export procedures and costs
F
Factory Audit
Business & Trade TermsAn inspection of a manufacturing facility to evaluate its capabilities, compliance, working conditions, and quality systems.
Applications: New supplier evaluation, compliance verification
Advantages: Risk mitigation, ensures supplier capability
Disadvantages: Cost and time required, point-in-time snapshot
Related Terms: Social Compliance, Quality Audit, Sourcing
Fair Isle
Fabric Types & ConstructionsA knitting technique from Fair Isle in Scotland using multiple colors in a horizontal pattern. Each row uses only two colors.
Applications: Sweaters, Cardigans, Accessories, Traditional Knitwear
Advantages: Distinctive colorful patterns, traditional heritage value
Disadvantages: Complex production, more expensive, pattern-specific aesthetic
Fair Trade
Quality & CertificationsA trading partnership and movement that aims to achieve greater equity in international trade by ensuring fair prices, decent working conditions, and fair terms for farmers and workers.
Applications: Ethical fashion brands, conscious consumer market
Advantages: Ethical sourcing credentials, premium market positioning
Disadvantages: Higher production costs, limited factory availability
Related Terms: Social Compliance, WRAP, Sustainability
Fast Fashion
Sustainability & Eco TermsA business model in the fashion industry characterized by rapid production of high volumes of clothing at low prices, following or creating trends.
Applications: Mass market retail, trend-driven brands
Advantages: Affordable clothing, trend accessibility
Disadvantages: Environmental damage, poor working conditions, waste generation
Related Terms: Slow Fashion, Sustainability, Overconsumption
Faux Fur
Fabric Types & ConstructionsA synthetic pile fabric designed to replicate the appearance and feel of animal fur. Made from acrylic or modacrylic fibers.
Applications: Coats, Accessories, Trim, Home Textiles
Advantages: Animal-friendly, less expensive than real fur, washable
Disadvantages: Sheds microplastics, hot to wear, can look artificial
Related Terms: Sherpa, Pile Fabrics, Acrylic
Felt
Fabric Types & ConstructionsA nonwoven textile produced by matting, condensing, and pressing wool or synthetic fibers together using heat, moisture, and pressure.
Applications: Hats, Accessories, Craft, Insulation, Industrial Applications
Advantages: No fraying edges, stiff structure, excellent insulation
Disadvantages: Not elastic, can shrink, not suitable for washable garments in wool form
Related Terms: Nonwoven, Wool, Craft Fabric
Fil Coupe
Fabric Types & ConstructionsA fabric with a cut pile or floating threads that create a raised pattern. Related to brocade but with cut rather than uncut floats.
Applications: Evening Wear, Luxury Garments, High Fashion
Advantages: Decorative, luxurious appearance
Disadvantages: Fragile, cut threads can fray, expensive
Fit Model
Sizing & MeasurementsA person with specific measurements used to test garment fit during development. Their measurements define the base size for pattern making.
Applications: Garment development, sample fitting
Advantages: Consistent reference for fit evaluation
Disadvantages: Does not represent all body types
Related Terms: Pattern Making, Sample, Grading
Flannel
Fabric Types & ConstructionsA soft woven fabric with a brushed surface that creates a slightly fuzzy, warm texture. Traditionally wool, now commonly cotton.
Applications: Shirts, Pajamas, Sheets, Casual Wear
Advantages: Very soft, warm, cozy, comfortable
Disadvantages: Pills over time, not suitable for warm weather
Related Terms: Brushed Cotton, Plaid, Wool
Flat Embroidery
Print & DecorationStandard embroidery where thread is stitched directly onto fabric without foam backing, lying flat against the surface.
Applications: Shirts, Polos, Caps, Bags, Workwear
Advantages: Durable, professional appearance, wide color range, long-lasting
Disadvantages: Cannot achieve photographic quality, thread count limitations
Related Terms: 3D Embroidery, DST File, Digitizing
Flatlock
Production & ManufacturingA sewing technique that lays the seam flat against the fabric, eliminating seam bulk. Creates a distinctive decorative stitch on the outside.
Applications: Activewear, Sportswear, Swimwear, Underwear
Advantages: Flat, comfortable seam, no bulk against skin, decorative
Disadvantages: Requires specialized machine
Related Terms: Overlock, Seam Types, Activewear Construction
Flatlock Machine
Machinery & EquipmentA specialized sewing machine that creates flat, comfortable seams by laying fabric edges together rather than overlapping them.
Applications: Activewear, Sportswear, Swimwear, Underwear
Advantages: Flat, comfortable seams with no bulk, decorative stitch option
Disadvantages: Specialized machine, higher cost than overlocker
Related Terms: Flatlock Stitch, Activewear Construction, Overlocker
Fleece
Fabric Types & ConstructionsA soft knit fabric with a raised, napped surface on one or both sides. Provides excellent insulation. Most commonly made from polyester.
Applications: Hoodies, Sweatshirts, Jackets, Blankets
Advantages: Very warm, soft, lightweight, quick-drying
Disadvantages: Pills over time, sheds microplastics, not wind resistant
Related Terms: French Terry, Polar Fleece, Anti-Pill Fleece
Flock Print
Print & DecorationA decoration technique where tiny fiber particles are applied to an adhesive-coated design area to create a velvet-like texture.
Applications: T-shirts, Hoodies, Fashion Garments, Streetwear
Advantages: Distinctive tactile texture, premium appearance
Disadvantages: Can wear off over time, requires careful washing
Related Terms: Velvet Print, Specialty Printing, Screen Printing
FOB
Business & Trade TermsFree on Board. An international trade term where the seller delivers goods to a named port and loads them aboard the ship. Risk transfers to buyer when goods are on board.
Applications: International textile trade, shipping terms
Advantages: Clear responsibility transfer point, widely understood
Disadvantages: Buyer responsible for all costs after loading
Foil Print
Print & DecorationA decoration method where metallic foil is applied to fabric using heat and adhesive to create shiny, mirror-like effects.
Applications: Fashion Garments, Evening Wear, Streetwear, Accessories
Advantages: Eye-catching metallic effect, premium appearance
Disadvantages: Can crack or peel over time, requires careful washing
Related Terms: Glitter Print, Metallic Ink, Heat Transfer
Four-Way Stretch
Fabric Types & ConstructionsA fabric that stretches equally in all four directions – vertical, horizontal, and diagonally. Required for fitted activewear.
Applications: Activewear, Yoga Pants, Swimwear, Compression Garments
Advantages: Maximum comfort and freedom of movement
Disadvantages: Requires serger or special stitch for sewing
Related Terms: Two-Way Stretch, Spandex, Power Stretch
French Terry
Fabric Types & ConstructionsA knit fabric with loops on one side and a smooth surface on the other. Lighter than fleece, used extensively in sweatshirts and hoodies.
Applications: Sweatshirts, Hoodies, Joggers, Casual Wear, Loungewear
Advantages: Comfortable, absorbent, lightweight, casual look
Disadvantages: Less warm than fleece, loops can snag
Related Terms: Fleece, Loop-back, Terry Cloth
Full Package Production
Production & ManufacturingA production arrangement where the manufacturer sources all materials, produces, and delivers finished garments. Also called FOB or FPP.
Applications: Brands without sourcing capabilities, startup brands
Advantages: Buyer has minimal involvement in sourcing and logistics
Disadvantages: Less control over material quality and cost
Related Terms: CMT, OEM, Private Label
G
Garment Washing
Production & ManufacturingPost-production washing processes applied to finished garments to achieve specific aesthetics or improve hand feel.
Applications: Denim finishing, vintage effects, softening
Advantages: Creates unique aesthetics, pre-shrinks garment
Disadvantages: Adds cost and time, can weaken fabric
Related Terms: Stone Wash, Enzyme Wash, Acid Wash
Gauge
Machinery & EquipmentThe number of needles per inch in a knitting machine. Higher gauge produces finer, lighter fabric. Lower gauge produces coarser, heavier fabric.
Applications: Machine specification, fabric quality determination
Advantages: Determines fabric fineness and weight range possible on machine
Disadvantages: Different gauges required for different fabric weights
Related Terms: Knitting Machine, Needle, Fabric Weight
Gauze
Fabric Types & ConstructionsA thin, translucent fabric with a loose, open weave. Lightweight and breathable, used in medical and fashion applications.
Applications: Medical Dressings, Summer Garments, Overlays, Baby Clothing
Advantages: Extremely lightweight, breathable, soft
Disadvantages: Very delicate, frays easily, not durable
Related Terms: Muslin, Cheesecloth, Sheer Fabrics
Georgette
Fabric Types & ConstructionsA sheer, lightweight fabric similar to chiffon but with a more crinkled texture due to highly twisted yarns in both directions.
Applications: Dresses, Blouses, Scarves, Evening Wear
Advantages: Floaty drape, slightly more opaque than chiffon, elegant
Disadvantages: Delicate, slippery, requires careful handling
Gingham
Fabric Types & ConstructionsA plain-weave cotton fabric with a checked pattern formed by weaving dyed and undyed yarns in both directions.
Applications: Shirts, Dresses, Children’s Wear, Kitchen Textiles
Advantages: Classic, cheerful pattern, versatile, easy care
Disadvantages: Pattern matching required, casual aesthetic
Glitter Print
Print & DecorationA screen printing or heat transfer technique incorporating glitter particles for a sparkling decorative effect.
Applications: Children’s Wear, Fashion Garments, Festive Wear
Advantages: Eye-catching, decorative, popular for target markets
Disadvantages: Glitter can shed, environmental concerns, less durable
Related Terms: Foil Print, Screen Printing, Specialty Inks
Gold Seal Sample
Production & ManufacturingThe approved final sample that serves as the quality standard for bulk production. Kept by buyer and manufacturer as reference throughout production.
Applications: Quality control benchmark during and after production
Advantages: Clear quality standard for all parties
Disadvantages: Must be stored carefully and kept accessible
Related Terms: Pre-Production Sample, Quality Control
GOTS
Quality & CertificationsGlobal Organic Textile Standard. The worldwide leading textile processing standard for organic fibers, including ecological and social criteria.
Applications: Organic cotton garments, sustainable fashion
Advantages: Premium market access, organic certification, social standards included
Disadvantages: Complex certification process, higher production costs
Related Terms: OEKO-TEX, OCS, Organic Cotton, Sustainability
Grading
Production & ManufacturingThe process of proportionally increasing or decreasing a base pattern to create a range of sizes while maintaining the design proportions.
Applications: Size range production, standard sizing systems
Advantages: Efficient way to create multiple sizes from one pattern
Disadvantages: Graded sizes may not fit all body types equally well
Related Terms: Pattern Making, Size Spec, Fit Sample
Greenwashing
Sustainability & Eco TermsThe practice of making misleading or unsubstantiated claims about the environmental benefits of a product or company’s practices.
Applications: Marketing regulation, consumer awareness
Advantages: Understanding greenwashing helps buyers evaluate claims critically
Disadvantages: Widespread practice undermines genuine sustainability efforts
Related Terms: Sustainability, Certification, Transparency
Grosgrain
Fabric Types & ConstructionsA closely woven ribbed fabric or ribbon with a distinctive horizontal texture. Used primarily as ribbon or trim.
Applications: Ribbons, Hat Bands, Ties, Trimmings, Belts
Advantages: Stiff, holds shape well, distinctive texture
Disadvantages: Limited use as main fabric due to stiffness
GRS
Quality & CertificationsGlobal Recycled Standard. A voluntary product standard that sets requirements for third-party certification of recycled content and chain of custody.
Applications: Recycled polyester garments, recycled cotton products
Advantages: Verifies recycled content claims, required for many sustainable fashion brands
Disadvantages: Certification costs, supply chain complexity
Related Terms: Recycled Polyester, rPET, Sustainability
GSM
Quality & CertificationsGrams per Square Meter. The standard unit for measuring fabric weight. A critical specification in all textile orders. Heavier GSM indicates thicker, heavier fabric.
Applications: T-shirts 150-200 GSM, Sweatshirts 280-350 GSM, Hoodies 300-400 GSM
Advantages: Universal measurement standard for fabric weight
Disadvantages: Does not indicate fabric quality or hand feel alone
Related Terms: Fabric Weight, Denier, Fabric Specification
H
Half Chest
Sizing & MeasurementsThe measurement across the chest of a garment laid flat, from seam to seam. Equal to half the total chest circumference.
Applications: Garment specification, quality control measurement
Advantages: Standard measurement for flat garment checking
Disadvantages: Must multiply by 2 to compare with body measurements
Related Terms: Chest Measurement, Garment Measurements, Spec Sheet
Hand Feel
Care & FinishingThe tactile sensation when touching fabric. Described as soft, crisp, smooth, rough, etc. Critical quality parameter in fabric evaluation.
Applications: Fabric evaluation, quality assessment, material selection
Advantages: Critical consumer satisfaction factor
Disadvantages: Subjective assessment, difficult to standardize
Related Terms: Softener, Finishing, Fabric Quality
Hang Tag
Print & DecorationA paper, cardboard, or fabric tag attached to a garment with string or a fastener, containing brand, size, price, and care information.
Applications: Retail garments, Brand presentation, Point of sale information
Advantages: Presents brand identity, removable by consumer, marketing opportunity
Disadvantages: Easily removed or lost, adds cost to production
Related Terms: Woven Label, Packaging, Branding
Hardshell
Fabric Types & ConstructionsA fully waterproof and windproof outer fabric typically using a membrane laminate technology. Does not stretch.
Applications: Rain Jackets, Mountain Wear, Extreme Weather Gear
Advantages: Fully waterproof, windproof, highly durable
Disadvantages: Less breathable than softshell, stiff, expensive
Heat Press
Machinery & EquipmentA machine that applies heat and pressure to transfer designs from paper or film onto fabric. Used for heat transfer and DTF applications.
Applications: DTF printing, heat transfer application, vinyl pressing
Advantages: Versatile, relatively low cost, easy to operate
Disadvantages: Slower than tunnel dryers for high volume
Related Terms: DTF Printing, Heat Transfer, Transfer Paper
Heat Transfer
Print & DecorationA decoration method where a design printed on special transfer paper or vinyl is applied to fabric using heat and pressure.
Applications: Names and numbers on sportswear, Custom garments, Small runs
Advantages: Versatile, good for small quantities, full color possible
Disadvantages: Less durable than screen print or embroidery, can crack or peel
Related Terms: DTF Printing, Vinyl Printing, HTV
Herringbone
Fabric Types & ConstructionsA distinctive V-shaped weaving pattern resembling the bones of a herring fish. A variation of twill weave.
Applications: Suits, Jackets, Coats, Scarves
Advantages: Classic pattern, adds visual interest, timeless aesthetic
Disadvantages: Can be difficult to match at seams
Related Terms: Twill, Tweed, Houndstooth
High Density Print
Print & DecorationA screen printing technique that builds up ink layers to create a raised, three-dimensional effect similar to embroidery.
Applications: Premium T-shirts, Streetwear, Fashion Brands
Advantages: Three-dimensional effect, premium appearance, durable
Disadvantages: More expensive than standard screen print, multiple passes required
Related Terms: Rubber Print, 3D Embroidery, Screen Printing
Hopsack
Fabric Types & ConstructionsA loose, open plain weave or basket weave fabric with a slightly rough texture. Used in suiting and casual fabrics.
Applications: Summer Suits, Jackets, Casual Trousers
Advantages: Breathable, lightweight, casual-smart appearance
Disadvantages: Less durable, snags more easily than tight weaves
Related Terms: Basket Weave, Plain Weave, Suiting
Houndstooth
Fabric Types & ConstructionsA classic broken check pattern with pointed four-pointed shapes. A variation of twill weave in two contrasting colors.
Applications: Suits, Jackets, Coats, Accessories
Advantages: Classic, timeless pattern, versatile in formal and casual contexts
Disadvantages: Pattern matching at seams required
Related Terms: Herringbone, Check, Plaid
HPS
Sizing & MeasurementsHigh Point Shoulder. The highest point of the shoulder seam at the neck. Used as a reference point for measuring garment length.
Applications: Garment length specification, quality control
Advantages: Consistent reference point for length measurements
Disadvantages: Must be clearly defined on spec sheet to avoid confusion
Related Terms: Body Length, Garment Measurements, Spec Sheet
HS Code
Business & Trade TermsHarmonized System Code. An international standardized numerical method of classifying traded products. Essential for customs clearance and calculating import duties.
Applications: Export documentation, customs clearance, duty calculation
Advantages: Universal classification system for international trade
Disadvantages: Incorrect classification can lead to fines and delays
Related Terms: Customs, Tariff, Export Documentation
HTV
Print & DecorationHeat Transfer Vinyl. A vinyl material that is cut into shapes and applied to fabric using heat and pressure. Used for names, numbers, and simple designs.
Applications: Sports Jerseys, Custom Names, Simple Graphics
Advantages: Durable, available in many colors and finishes, precise edges
Disadvantages: Limited to simple designs without gradients, can peel at edges
Related Terms: Heat Transfer, Vinyl Cutting, Screen Printing
I
Incoterms
Business & Trade TermsInternational Commercial Terms. A series of pre-defined commercial terms published by the International Chamber of Commerce relating to international trade.
Applications: All international trade contracts
Advantages: Universally understood, reduces misunderstandings in international trade
Disadvantages: Must be specified correctly to avoid disputes
Inseam
Sizing & MeasurementsThe measurement from the crotch to the bottom hem of trouser legs. Critical measurement for trouser fitting.
Applications: Trouser and shorts specification
Advantages: Key trouser fitting measurement
Disadvantages: Varies significantly between body types
Related Terms: Outseam, Rise, Trouser Measurements
Intarsia
Fabric Types & ConstructionsA knitting technique using separate sections of yarn in different colors to create large-scale color patterns or motifs.
Applications: Designer Knitwear, Sweaters with Motifs, High Fashion
Advantages: Large-scale patterns possible, no floats on wrong side
Disadvantages: Complex production, multiple yarn ends to manage
Related Terms: Fair Isle, Jacquard Knit, Knitwear
Interfacing
Production & ManufacturingA material used to stabilize, stiffen, or add body to specific garment areas. Available in woven, non-woven, and knit versions.
Applications: Collars, Cuffs, Button Plackets, Waistbands
Advantages: Provides structure without bulk
Disadvantages: Fusible types can bubble or separate after washing
Related Terms: Interlining, Lining, Nonwoven
Interlinig
Production & ManufacturingA fabric attached to the wrong side of the main fabric to add support, structure, or warmth. Can be sewn or fusible (iron-on).
Applications: Collars, Cuffs, Waistbands, Jacket Fronts
Advantages: Adds structure and support, improves garment appearance
Disadvantages: Adds weight and stiffness, fusible can separate over time
Related Terms: Interfacing, Lining, Structure
Interlock
Fabric Types & ConstructionsA double-knit fabric where two single jersey fabrics are interknitted together. Very smooth on both sides with excellent stability.
Applications: Baby Clothing, Underwear, T-shirts, Polo Shirts
Advantages: Very smooth, stable, does not curl, comfortable against skin
Disadvantages: Less stretchy, heavier than single jersey
Related Terms: Double Jersey, Single Jersey, Rib Knit
ISO 9001
Quality & CertificationsInternational standard for quality management systems. Demonstrates a manufacturer’s ability to consistently provide products meeting customer and regulatory requirements.
Applications: Manufacturing facilities, export-oriented factories
Advantages: International recognition, improves production processes, customer confidence
Disadvantages: Significant investment in documentation and auditing
Related Terms: Quality Management, ISO Standards, Audit
J
Jacquard
Fabric Types & ConstructionsA fabric with complex patterns woven directly into the structure using a Jacquard loom. Patterns are integral to the fabric, not printed or embroidered.
Applications: Suits, Ties, Upholstery, Evening Wear, Formal Wear
Advantages: Intricate patterns, durable design that does not fade or wash out
Disadvantages: Expensive, complex production, heavier weight
Jersey
Fabric Types & ConstructionsA single-knit fabric with a smooth face and looped back. The most common knit fabric used in T-shirts and casual wear.
Applications: T-shirts, Dresses, Underwear, Casual Wear
Advantages: Soft, stretchy, comfortable, affordable, easy to care for
Disadvantages: Curls at edges when cut, can stretch out of shape
Related Terms: Single Jersey, Double Jersey, Interlock
K
Knitting Machine
Machinery & EquipmentA machine that creates knitted fabric by interlocking loops of yarn. Available in flatbed and circular configurations for different fabric types.
Applications: T-shirts, Hoodies, Socks, Sweaters, All knit fabrics
Advantages: High production speed, consistent fabric quality
Disadvantages: High capital cost, requires maintenance expertise
Related Terms: Circular Knitting, Flatbed Knitting, Warp Knitting Machine
L
Lace
Fabric Types & ConstructionsAn openwork fabric with patterns formed by looping, twisting, or knitting threads. Can be handmade or machine-made.
Applications: Lingerie, Bridal Wear, Evening Wear, Trim, Accessories
Advantages: Decorative, elegant, intricate patterns
Disadvantages: Delicate, snags easily, expensive (especially handmade)
Related Terms: Guipure Lace, Chantilly Lace, Net
Laminate
Fabric Types & ConstructionsA fabric bonded with a functional membrane or film layer. Commonly used for waterproof breathable fabrics.
Applications: Outdoor Jackets, Rainwear, Technical Sportswear
Advantages: Waterproof or water-resistant, can be breathable, windproof
Disadvantages: Can delaminate, requires specific care, expensive
Related Terms: Gore-Tex, Bonded Fabric, Technical Fabrics
Landed Cost
Business & Trade TermsThe total cost of a product when it reaches the buyer’s door, including purchase price, freight, insurance, customs duties, and other charges.
Applications: Pricing analysis, supplier comparison, profitability calculation
Advantages: Gives true picture of product cost for pricing decisions
Disadvantages: Complex to calculate accurately, varies by destination
Related Terms: FOB Price, Customs Duty, Freight Cost
Laser Cutting
Print & DecorationUsing laser technology to cut fabric or create decorative patterns and perforations. Provides precise, sealed edges on synthetic fabrics.
Applications: Decorative perforations, Lace effects, Precise cutting on synthetics
Advantages: Extremely precise, sealed edges prevent fraying on synthetics
Disadvantages: Not suitable for all fabrics, burning smell, slower than die cutting
Related Terms: Die Cutting, Perforation, Technical Decoration
Lawn
Fabric Types & ConstructionsA fine, lightweight plain-weave cotton or linen fabric with a crisp finish. Higher thread count than muslin.
Applications: Summer Dresses, Blouses, Children’s Wear, Handkerchiefs
Advantages: Smooth, crisp, lightweight, breathable
Disadvantages: Semi-sheer, wrinkles easily
LC
Business & Trade TermsLetter of Credit. A payment mechanism where a bank guarantees payment to an exporter on behalf of an importer, provided all documentary conditions are met.
Applications: Large international orders, new business relationships
Advantages: Security for both buyer and seller, bank guarantee
Disadvantages: Complex, costly, time-consuming to establish
Related Terms: Payment Terms, T/T, Documentary Collection
Lead Time
Production & ManufacturingThe total time from order confirmation to delivery. Includes sampling, approval, bulk production, quality control, and shipping. Typically 25-45 days for bulk orders in Turkey.
Applications: Production planning, delivery scheduling, client communication
Advantages: Allows buyers to plan inventory and retail launches
Disadvantages: Longer lead times require advance planning and forecasting
Related Terms: MOQ, Sample Lead Time, Production Calendar
Lining
Production & ManufacturingA fabric layer sewn inside a garment to cover construction details, improve comfort, and add structure.
Applications: Jackets, Coats, Suits, Skirts, Dresses
Advantages: Smooth interior finish, easier to put on, adds warmth
Disadvantages: Adds cost and production time
Related Terms: Interlining, Shell Fabric, Construction
Loom
Machinery & EquipmentA machine used to weave fabric by interlacing warp and weft yarns at right angles. Available in shuttle, rapier, air-jet, and water-jet configurations.
Applications: Denim, Shirting, Suiting, All woven fabric production
Advantages: Produces stable woven fabrics in wide range of constructions
Disadvantages: High capital cost, slower than knitting for some fabrics
Related Terms: Weaving, Warp, Weft, Rapier Loom
M
Madras
Fabric Types & ConstructionsA lightweight cotton fabric with a plaid or checked pattern, originally from Madras (Chennai), India. Colors intentionally bleed together.
Applications: Summer Shirts, Casual Trousers, Shorts
Advantages: Colorful, casual, breathable, distinctive style
Disadvantages: Colors bleed when washed (considered a feature by some), very casual
Marker Making
Production & ManufacturingThe process of arranging all pattern pieces on fabric to minimize waste during cutting. Typically done with CAD software.
Applications: Pre-cutting planning, fabric efficiency optimization
Advantages: Reduces fabric waste, lowers material costs
Disadvantages: Requires specialized software and skill
Related Terms: Pattern Making, Spreading, Cutting
Matelasse
Fabric Types & ConstructionsA jacquard-woven fabric with a quilted or padded appearance created by the weave structure, not actual padding.
Applications: Evening Wear, Structured Jackets, Home Textiles
Advantages: Elegant three-dimensional appearance, structured
Disadvantages: Heavy, expensive, formal aesthetic
Related Terms: Jacquard, Brocade, Quilted Fabric
Mercerizing
Care & FinishingA chemical treatment for cotton fabric using caustic soda that increases luster, strength, and dye affinity. Named after John Mercer who invented it.
Applications: Premium cotton fabrics, shirting, knitwear
Advantages: Increases luster and strength, improves dye uptake, dimensional stability
Disadvantages: Additional processing cost, chemical process
Related Terms: Finishing, Cotton Treatment, Luster
Mesh
Fabric Types & ConstructionsAn open-structure fabric with spaces between yarns or fibers. Available in knit or woven construction in various hole sizes.
Applications: Sportswear, Lingerie, Bags, Technical Applications
Advantages: Breathable, lightweight, dries quickly
Disadvantages: Not opaque, can snag, limited protection
Related Terms: Net, Tulle, Performance Fabrics
Microplastics
Sustainability & Eco TermsTiny plastic particles shed from synthetic textiles during washing. A major environmental concern, entering waterways and food chains.
Applications: Environmental impact assessment, product development
Advantages: Awareness drives development of microplastic filters and alternative materials
Disadvantages: Significant environmental damage, no current solution
Related Terms: Polyester, Synthetic Fibers, Environmental Impact
Modular Production
Production & ManufacturingA team-based sewing system where small groups of workers complete entire garments, with each team member cross-trained on multiple operations.
Applications: Quality-focused manufacturing, quick response production
Advantages: Better quality control, team accountability, flexibility
Disadvantages: Requires extensive training, lower output than assembly line
Related Terms: Assembly Line, Production System
Moleskin
Fabric Types & ConstructionsA heavy cotton fabric with a suede-like napped finish. Not made from actual mole fur. Dense and durable.
Applications: Workwear, Casual Trousers, Jackets, Notebooks
Advantages: Very durable, soft napped surface, warm
Disadvantages: Heavy, shows wear over time
Related Terms: Suede, Cotton, Brushed Fabric
MOQ
Production & ManufacturingMinimum Order Quantity. The smallest number of units a manufacturer will produce in a single order. Standard MOQ in Turkish textile manufacturing is 100-300 pieces per design.
Applications: All B2B textile orders, pricing negotiations, production planning
Advantages: Ensures production efficiency and cost-effectiveness for manufacturers
Disadvantages: Can be barrier for small brands or startups with limited budget
Related Terms: Lead Time, Sample Order, Bulk Production
Muslin
Fabric Types & ConstructionsA plain-weave cotton fabric in various weights. Used extensively in fashion for making test garments (toiles) before cutting expensive fabric.
Applications: Toiles/Muslins for pattern testing, Lightweight Summer Wear, Home Textiles
Advantages: Inexpensive, versatile, available in many weights
Disadvantages: Not very durable, wrinkles easily
Related Terms: Gauze, Cotton, Plain Weave
N
Neoprene
Fabric Types & ConstructionsA synthetic rubber fabric used in textile applications for its thickness, stretch, and structure. Textile neoprene is bonded to fabric.
Applications: Structured Dresses, Wetsuits, Bags, Technical Sportswear
Advantages: Holds structure, comfortable stretch, insulating
Disadvantages: Heavy, not breathable, difficult to sew
Related Terms: Scuba, Technical Fabrics
Nonwoven
Fabric Types & ConstructionsA fabric-like material made from fibers bonded together by chemical, thermal, or mechanical means rather than weaving or knitting.
Applications: Interfacing, Medical Textiles, Geotextiles, Disposable Products
Advantages: Low cost, versatile, can be engineered for specific properties
Disadvantages: Generally not as durable as woven or knit fabrics
Related Terms: Interfacing, Technical Textiles, Felt
O
OCS
Quality & CertificationsOrganic Content Standard. A voluntary global standard that verifies the presence and amount of organic material in a final product.
Applications: Products claiming organic content, sustainable fashion
Advantages: Verifies organic content claims, consumer trust
Disadvantages: Does not cover processing chemicals or social criteria like GOTS
Related Terms: GOTS, Organic Cotton, Certification
ODM
Production & ManufacturingOriginal Design Manufacturer. A company that designs and manufactures products that are sold under another company’s brand.
Applications: Fast fashion brands, retailers without design teams
Advantages: Faster to market, lower development costs for buyer
Disadvantages: Less unique products, manufacturer owns original design
Related Terms: OEM, Private Label, White Label
OEKO-TEX Standard 100
Quality & CertificationsAn independent testing and certification system for textile raw materials, intermediate and end products. Tests for harmful substances.
Applications: Baby clothing, skin-contact garments, bedding, premium apparel
Advantages: Consumer trust, access to EU and premium markets, proves product safety
Disadvantages: Annual recertification required, testing costs
Related Terms: GOTS, Bluesign, Certification, Chemical Safety
OEM
Production & ManufacturingOriginal Equipment Manufacturer. A company that produces goods based on another company’s designs and specifications, sold under the buyer’s brand.
Applications: Private label production, white label manufacturing
Advantages: Allows brands to focus on design and marketing
Disadvantages: Manufacturer has full production knowledge
Related Terms: ODM, Private Label, CMT
Organza
Fabric Types & ConstructionsA thin, plain-weave sheer fabric originally made from silk, now commonly polyester or nylon. Crisp and stiff unlike chiffon.
Applications: Bridal Wear, Evening Gowns, Overlays, Decorative Elements
Advantages: Holds structure, sheer beauty, elegant for formal wear
Disadvantages: Stiff, rustles, difficult to sew, shows every imperfection
Overlock
Production & ManufacturingA sewing machine stitch that simultaneously trims the seam allowance, encases the raw edge, and sews the seam. Creates a clean, professional finish.
Applications: T-shirt seams, knitwear construction, seam finishing
Advantages: Fast, clean finish, prevents fraying
Disadvantages: Difficult to unpick, limited to certain applications
Related Terms: Serger, Flatlock, Seam Finishing
Overlocker
Machinery & EquipmentAlso called a serger. A sewing machine that simultaneously trims, overlocks, and sews seams. Essential for professional knitwear construction.
Applications: Knitwear seaming, seam finishing, edge finishing
Advantages: Fast, professional finish, prevents fraying
Disadvantages: Limited to seam finishing applications
Related Terms: Overlock, Serger, Flatlock Machine
Oxford
Fabric Types & ConstructionsA plain or basket-weave fabric characterized by a two-over, two-under weave pattern. Commonly used in button-down shirts.
Applications: Oxford Shirts, Casual Button-downs, School Uniforms
Advantages: Durable, breathable, casual but neat appearance, easy care
Disadvantages: Less formal than poplin, can look bulky
Related Terms: Poplin, Pinpoint Oxford, Basket Weave
P
Packing List
Business & Trade TermsA document detailing the contents of each package in a shipment, including item descriptions, quantities, weights, and dimensions.
Applications: Customs clearance, warehouse receiving, order verification
Advantages: Enables accurate customs inspection and inventory management
Disadvantages: Must be accurate to avoid customs delays
Related Terms: Commercial Invoice, Bill of Lading, Shipping Documents
Pattern Making
Production & ManufacturingThe process of creating templates (patterns) for each piece of a garment that will be cut from fabric. The foundation of garment construction.
Applications: All garment manufacturing, fashion design
Advantages: Ensures consistent sizing and fit across production
Disadvantages: Requires skilled pattern makers, time-consuming
Related Terms: Grading, Marker Making, Techpack
Payment Terms
Business & Trade TermsThe agreed conditions specifying when and how payment is made between buyer and seller. Common terms: 30% deposit, 70% before shipment.
Applications: All B2B transactions
Advantages: Clear expectations for both parties
Disadvantages: Negotiation required, risk differs between buyer and seller
Related Terms: T/T, LC, Pro Forma Invoice
Peach Finish
Care & FinishingA mechanical finishing process that creates an ultra-soft, velvety surface resembling peach skin. Achieved through specialized brushing.
Applications: Fashion T-shirts, Shorts, Premium Casual Wear
Advantages: Extremely soft hand feel, premium appearance
Disadvantages: Reduces fabric durability slightly
Pilling
Quality & CertificationsThe formation of small fiber balls on fabric surface due to friction during wear or washing. Common in low-quality knitwear.
Applications: Quality testing, fabric evaluation
Advantages: Anti-pill treatments and combed yarns reduce pilling
Disadvantages: Inevitable in most knit fabrics over time
Related Terms: Anti-Pill, Fabric Quality, Wear Testing
Pinstripe
Fabric Types & ConstructionsA very fine stripe pattern on a dark background, characteristic of formal suiting fabrics. Named for the pin-thin width of the stripes.
Applications: Business Suits, Formal Trousers, Professional Wear
Advantages: Slimming effect, professional and formal aesthetic
Disadvantages: Very formal, limited to business contexts
Related Terms: Chalk Stripe, Suiting, Formal Fabric
Pique
Fabric Types & ConstructionsA woven or knit fabric with a raised geometric pattern, typically a waffle or honeycomb texture. Most commonly associated with polo shirts.
Applications: Polo Shirts, Sportswear, Dresses, Vests
Advantages: Breathable, textured appearance, holds shape well, classic look
Disadvantages: Less soft than jersey, heavier
Related Terms: Double Jersey, Polo Shirt, Honeycomb
Plaid
Fabric Types & ConstructionsA pattern of crossed horizontal and vertical bands in multiple colors. Originated in Scottish tartan tradition.
Applications: Shirts, Skirts, Blankets, Scarves, Casual Wear
Advantages: Classic pattern, versatile, many variations available
Disadvantages: Pattern matching required at seams
Plastisol Ink
Print & DecorationA PVC-based ink used in screen printing. The most common screen printing ink, known for vibrant colors and durability.
Applications: T-shirt screen printing, promotional garments
Advantages: Vibrant colors, durable, opaque on dark garments, easy to use
Disadvantages: Contains PVC, not eco-friendly, can crack if applied too thickly
Related Terms: Screen Printing, Water-based Ink, Discharge Ink
Pointelle
Fabric Types & ConstructionsA fine knit fabric with a delicate pattern of small holes creating a lacy effect. The holes are formed during the knitting process.
Applications: Feminine Tops, Baby Clothing, Cardigans, Delicate Knitwear
Advantages: Decorative, feminine aesthetic, lightweight
Disadvantages: Delicate, requires careful handling
Related Terms: Lace Knit, Fine Knitwear
Polar Fleece
Fabric Types & ConstructionsA high-loft polyester fleece fabric with a thick, soft pile on both sides. Excellent insulation properties.
Applications: Outdoor Jackets, Blankets, Hats, Cold Weather Gear
Advantages: Very warm, lightweight, quick-drying, hypoallergenic
Disadvantages: Pills, sheds microplastics, not windproof
Related Terms: Fleece, Microfleece, Anti-Pill Fleece
Ponte
Fabric Types & ConstructionsA double-knit fabric with a firm, stable structure and smooth surface. Holds its shape exceptionally well.
Applications: Dresses, Trousers, Jackets, Professional Wear
Advantages: Holds shape well, wrinkle-resistant, comfortable, professional appearance
Disadvantages: Less breathable, can feel warm
Related Terms: Double Jersey, Interlock, Scuba
Poplin
Fabric Types & ConstructionsA plain-weave fabric with fine horizontal ribs created by using a heavier weft yarn. Smooth, crisp, and formal appearance.
Applications: Dress Shirts, School Uniforms, Blouses, Formal Wear
Advantages: Smooth, crisp, formal appearance, breathable, easy to iron
Disadvantages: Shows wrinkles easily, less casual than oxford
Related Terms: Oxford, Broadcloth, Plain Weave
Power Stretch
Fabric Types & ConstructionsA four-way stretch knit fabric with high elasticity and excellent recovery. Used in compression and performance garments.
Applications: Compression Wear, Base Layers, Swimwear, Cycling Shorts
Advantages: Four-way stretch, excellent recovery, body-hugging fit
Disadvantages: Very revealing, requires flat seams
Related Terms: Spandex, Compression Fabric, Swimwear
Pre-Production Sample
Production & ManufacturingA sample made from the actual bulk production materials and in the final factory after approval of the development sample. Final check before bulk production begins.
Applications: Final quality verification before committing to bulk production
Advantages: Catches last-minute issues with actual production materials
Disadvantages: Adds time to production schedule
Related Terms: Sample, Gold Seal Sample, Bulk Production
Pre-Shipment Inspection
Quality & CertificationsA quality check performed after production is complete and before goods are shipped. Typically when 80-100% of goods are packed.
Applications: All international textile orders
Advantages: Final opportunity to catch and correct defects before shipping
Disadvantages: Issues found may delay shipment
Related Terms: AQL, Quality Control, Third Party Inspection
Printed Label
Print & DecorationA label with information printed directly onto fabric or tape. Less expensive than woven labels but less durable.
Applications: Care labels, Size labels, Price labels
Advantages: Lower cost, can include detailed information, soft against skin
Disadvantages: Print can fade with washing, less premium appearance
Related Terms: Woven Label, Heat Transfer Label, Care Label
Private Label
Production & ManufacturingProducts manufactured by one company but sold under another company’s brand name. The retailer or brand owner controls branding and marketing.
Applications: Retail chains, online brands, boutiques
Advantages: Brand control without manufacturing investment
Disadvantages: Dependent on manufacturer quality and reliability
Related Terms: OEM, White Label, Custom Manufacturing
Pro Forma Invoice
Business & Trade TermsA preliminary invoice sent to a buyer before shipment, confirming order details, pricing, and payment terms. Not a final invoice.
Applications: Pre-payment requests, customs documentation, order confirmation
Advantages: Confirms order details before production begins
Disadvantages: Not legally binding as a final invoice
Related Terms: Commercial Invoice, Purchase Order
Production Calendar
Production & ManufacturingA scheduling document showing all stages of production with dates, from order confirmation through delivery.
Applications: Factory planning, buyer communication, deadline management
Advantages: Keeps all parties informed of progress and deadlines
Disadvantages: Must be updated when delays occur
Related Terms: Lead Time, Critical Path, T&A Calendar
Purchase Order
Business & Trade TermsA legal document issued by a buyer to a seller authorizing a purchase. Details product specifications, quantities, prices, and delivery terms.
Applications: All commercial transactions between buyer and manufacturer
Advantages: Legally binding document, protects both parties
Disadvantages: Binding commitment, changes can incur costs
Q
Quality Control
Quality & CertificationsThe process of ensuring products meet specified quality standards. Includes in-line, end-of-line, and pre-shipment inspections.
Applications: All stages of garment production
Advantages: Prevents defective goods from reaching customers
Disadvantages: Adds cost and time to production
Related Terms: AQL, Inspection, Quality Assurance
Quilted Fabric
Fabric Types & ConstructionsA sandwich of two fabric layers with padding between them, stitched together in a decorative pattern.
Applications: Jackets, Vests, Bags, Home Textiles, Winter Wear
Advantages: Warm, decorative stitching adds texture, versatile
Disadvantages: Bulky, difficult to alter, padding can shift
Related Terms: Padding, Insulation, Technical Fabrics
R
Raschel Lace
Fabric Types & ConstructionsMachine-made lace produced on Raschel warp-knitting machines. The most common form of commercial lace production.
Applications: Lingerie, Decorative Trim, Fashion Garments
Advantages: Cost-effective lace production, consistent quality
Disadvantages: Less prestigious than handmade lace
RFQ
Business & Trade TermsRequest for Quotation. A formal document sent by a buyer to a supplier requesting pricing and terms for specific products or services.
Applications: B2B procurement, supplier selection, price comparison
Advantages: Standardized way to request and compare supplier pricing
Disadvantages: Time-consuming for both buyer and supplier
Related Terms: Purchase Order, PO, Quotation
Rib Knit
Fabric Types & ConstructionsA knit fabric with vertical ridges created by alternating knit and purl stitches. Highly elastic in the horizontal direction.
Applications: Cuffs, Collars, Waistbands, T-shirt Hems, Sweater Bodies
Advantages: Excellent horizontal elasticity, good recovery, comfortable
Disadvantages: Can distort if stretched excessively
Related Terms: 1×1 Rib, 2×2 Rib, Waffle Knit
Ripstop
Fabric Types & ConstructionsA nylon, polyester, or cotton fabric woven with a special reinforcing technique using thicker threads at regular intervals to prevent tearing.
Applications: Outdoor Gear, Military Uniforms, Bags, Parachutes, Sportswear
Advantages: Tear-resistant, lightweight, durable, distinctive grid pattern
Disadvantages: Grid pattern may not suit all aesthetics
Related Terms: Nylon, Technical Fabrics, Cordura
Rise
Sizing & MeasurementsThe measurement from the crotch seam to the waistband top. Determines how high or low a trouser sits on the body.
Applications: Trouser specification, fit determination
Advantages: Determines trouser style (high-rise, mid-rise, low-rise)
Disadvantages: Comfort highly subjective
Related Terms: Inseam, Outseam, Waist Measurement
Rubber Print
Print & DecorationA thick, glossy screen printing technique using rubber-based inks that sit on top of fabric, creating a raised, rubbery texture.
Applications: Fashion T-shirts, Streetwear, Logos
Advantages: Durable, distinctive texture and shine, opaque on dark fabrics
Disadvantages: Can crack if applied too thick, heavy hand feel
Related Terms: Screen Printing, Specialty Inks, High Density Print
S
SA8000
Quality & CertificationsSocial Accountability 8000. An auditable certification standard that encourages organizations to develop, maintain, and apply socially acceptable practices in the workplace.
Applications: Factories seeking highest level social compliance certification
Advantages: Globally recognized, comprehensive worker rights standard
Disadvantages: Complex implementation, significant costs
Related Terms: BSCI, WRAP, Fair Trade
Sample
Production & ManufacturingA prototype garment produced before bulk production to verify fit, construction, fabric, and design. Multiple sample rounds may be required before approval.
Applications: Design approval, fit testing, photography, buyer presentation
Advantages: Identifies issues before expensive bulk production
Disadvantages: Adds time and cost to development process
Related Terms: Salesman Sample, Pre-Production Sample, Gold Seal Sample
Sanforizing
Production & ManufacturingA mechanical pre-shrinking process for cotton fabric that limits further shrinkage to less than 1% after washing.
Applications: Denim, cotton shirting, casualwear fabrics
Advantages: Guarantees dimensional stability, eliminates need for pre-washing
Disadvantages: Additional processing cost
Related Terms: Shrinkage, Pre-Washing, Finishing
Satin
Fabric Types & ConstructionsA weave structure characterized by a glossy face and dull back, achieved by floating warp threads over multiple weft threads.
Applications: Evening Wear, Lingerie, Linings, Bridal Wear, Accessories
Advantages: Lustrous, smooth, elegant appearance, drapes beautifully
Disadvantages: Snags easily, shows marks, slippery to sew
Related Terms: Silk Satin, Polyester Satin, Charmeuse
Screen Printing
Print & DecorationA printing method where ink is pushed through a mesh screen onto fabric. Each color requires a separate screen. The most common method for bulk garment printing.
Applications: T-shirts, Hoodies, Promotional Wear, High-volume custom printing
Advantages: Durable, vibrant colors, cost-effective for large quantities, works on many fabrics
Disadvantages: Setup costs for screens, minimum quantities required, color limitations
Related Terms: Plastisol Ink, Water-based Ink, DTF, Discharge Printing
Screen Printing Machine
Machinery & EquipmentEquipment used to apply ink through screens onto fabric or garments. Available in manual, semi-automatic, and automatic carousel configurations.
Applications: T-shirt printing, garment decoration, textile printing
Advantages: High volume production, consistent results
Disadvantages: Setup time and cost per design, screen storage
Related Terms: Screen Printing, Carousel Printer, Flash Dryer
Scuba
Fabric Types & ConstructionsA type of double-knit polyester fabric with a smooth, slightly stretchy surface and excellent shape retention. Does not wrinkle.
Applications: Dresses, Skirts, Structured Garments, Sportswear
Advantages: Wrinkle-free, holds shape, easy care, smooth surface
Disadvantages: Not breathable, synthetic feel
Related Terms: Ponte, Neoprene, Double Jersey
Seam Allowance
Production & ManufacturingThe extra fabric between the cutting line and the seam line that is used when sewing pieces together. Standard is 1cm or 5/8 inch.
Applications: Pattern making, garment construction
Advantages: Provides fabric for seams and adjustments
Disadvantages: Must be accounted for in pattern and material calculations
Related Terms: Pattern Making, Seam, Cutting
Seersucker
Fabric Types & ConstructionsA thin plain-weave fabric with alternating puckered and flat sections, creating a distinctive crinkled texture.
Applications: Summer Suits, Shirts, Casual Summer Wear
Advantages: Lightweight, breathable, does not need ironing, cool in hot weather
Disadvantages: Very casual, distinctive texture not suitable for all occasions
Related Terms: Cotton, Summer Fabrics, Plain Weave
Sewing
Production & ManufacturingThe process of joining cut fabric pieces together using needle and thread. The core manufacturing process in garment production.
Applications: All garment assembly
Advantages: Flexible, can accommodate complex designs
Disadvantages: Labor-intensive, stitch quality varies by operator
Sharkskin
Fabric Types & ConstructionsA smooth, two-tone twill-weave fabric with a subtle iridescent quality. The alternating warp and weft create a fish-scale effect.
Applications: Formal Suits, Trousers, Women’s Wear
Advantages: Smooth, subtle sheen, professional appearance
Disadvantages: Can look shiny under certain lighting
Related Terms: Twill, Suiting Fabric
Shearling
Fabric Types & ConstructionsSheepskin that has been tanned with the wool still attached, or a synthetic fabric designed to replicate this material.
Applications: Coats, Jackets, Boots, Accessories, Aviator Jackets
Advantages: Extremely warm, luxurious appearance, durable (genuine)
Disadvantages: Heavy, expensive (genuine), requires special care
Sherpa
Fabric Types & ConstructionsA knit fabric with a fluffy, textured surface on one side designed to mimic the look and feel of sheep’s wool.
Applications: Jacket Linings, Blankets, Coats, Accessories
Advantages: Very warm, soft, cozy aesthetic
Disadvantages: Pills, sheds fibers, not breathable
Related Terms: Fleece, Faux Fur, Teddy Fabric
Shrinkage
Production & ManufacturingThe reduction in fabric dimensions after washing or finishing. Must be accounted for in pattern making and fabric ordering.
Applications: Pattern adjustment, fabric specification, quality testing
Advantages: Pre-washing fabric eliminates future shrinkage issues
Disadvantages: If not accounted for, finished garments will be smaller than intended
Related Terms: Pre-Washing, Sanforizing, Dimensional Stability
Single Jersey
Fabric Types & ConstructionsThe simplest weft-knit fabric structure, knitted with one set of needles. Has a distinct face and back side.
Applications: T-shirts, Underwear, Lightweight Casual Wear
Advantages: Lightweight, soft, economical to produce
Disadvantages: Curls at edges, less stable than double knits
Related Terms: Jersey, Double Jersey, Interlock
Size Chart
Sizing & MeasurementsA reference guide showing measurements for each size in a garment range, including chest, waist, hip, and length measurements.
Applications: Garment specification, consumer guidance, production
Advantages: Ensures consistent sizing across production
Disadvantages: Sizing varies between brands and countries
Related Terms: Grading, Fit, Measurement Spec
Slow Fashion
Sustainability & Eco TermsA movement and design philosophy that considers the processes and resources required to make clothing, and advocates for buying better-quality garments that will last longer.
Applications: Sustainable brand strategy, consumer education
Advantages: Reduces waste, promotes quality over quantity
Disadvantages: Higher prices may limit accessibility
Related Terms: Fast Fashion, Sustainable Fashion, Quality
Softener
Care & FinishingA chemical finish applied to fabric to improve softness and hand feel. Can be applied during dyeing or as a separate finishing step.
Applications: Most fabric types to improve comfort
Advantages: Improves comfort, reduces static, easier to iron
Disadvantages: Reduces moisture absorption, can reduce DWR effectiveness
Related Terms: Hand Feel, Finishing, Fabric Treatment
Softshell
Fabric Types & ConstructionsA flexible, stretch-woven or knit fabric with water-resistant properties. More breathable than hardshell but less waterproof.
Applications: Outdoor Jackets, Active Wear, Running Gear
Advantages: Breathable, stretchy, water-resistant, comfortable
Disadvantages: Not fully waterproof, less durable than hardshell
Related Terms: Hardshell, Technical Fabrics, DWR
Sourcing
Business & Trade TermsThe process of finding, evaluating, and selecting manufacturers, suppliers, and materials for product development and production.
Applications: Brand development, supply chain management
Advantages: Finding best quality and price combinations
Disadvantages: Time-consuming, requires expertise and relationships
Related Terms: Supply Chain, Vendor, Factory Audit
Spacer Fabric
Fabric Types & ConstructionsA three-dimensional knit fabric with two outer layers connected by a spacer yarn, creating a sandwich structure.
Applications: Sports Bras, Technical Footwear, Protective Padding, Automotive
Advantages: Cushioning, breathable, lightweight, moisture management
Disadvantages: Bulky, technical production required
Related Terms: Technical Fabrics, 3D Knitting
Spreader
Machinery & EquipmentA machine that automatically lays fabric layers onto a cutting table for cutting. Can be set to specific layer counts and lay lengths.
Applications: High-volume garment production, pre-cutting
Advantages: Consistent lay quality, faster than manual spreading
Disadvantages: High capital cost, space requirement
Related Terms: Spreading, Cutting, Production Equipment
Spreading
Production & ManufacturingThe process of laying multiple layers of fabric on a cutting table in preparation for cutting. Can be done manually or by machine.
Applications: Pre-cutting process in all garment factories
Advantages: Allows multiple layers to be cut simultaneously for efficiency
Disadvantages: Fabric distortion can occur if not spread correctly
Related Terms: Marker Making, Cutting, Lay Plan
Stone Wash
Production & ManufacturingA garment finishing process where pumice stones are used in washing machines to create a faded, worn appearance on denim.
Applications: Denim jeans, jackets, casual wear
Advantages: Creates authentic vintage appearance
Disadvantages: Damages fabric fibers, shortens garment life, machine wear
Related Terms: Garment Washing, Acid Wash, Enzyme Wash
Stretch Woven
Fabric Types & ConstructionsA woven fabric incorporating elastic fibers (spandex/elastane) to provide stretch while maintaining the structure of a woven fabric.
Applications: Stretch Jeans, Formal Trousers, Fitted Shirts, Active Wear
Advantages: Combines structure of woven with comfort of stretch
Disadvantages: More expensive than non-stretch woven
Sublimation Printing
Print & DecorationA printing method where dye is transferred into polyester fabric using heat, becoming part of the fiber structure. Produces vibrant, all-over prints.
Applications: Sportswear, Swimwear, All-over print garments, Polyester products
Advantages: Unlimited colors, photographic quality, no hand feel, very durable
Disadvantages: Only works on white or light polyester, not suitable for cotton
Related Terms: All-over Print, Digital Printing, Polyester
Suedette
Fabric Types & ConstructionsA synthetic fabric designed to replicate the look and feel of suede leather. Made from microfiber polyester.
Applications: Fashion Garments, Accessories, Shoes, Upholstery
Advantages: Animal-friendly alternative to suede, washable, affordable
Disadvantages: Not as durable as genuine suede, can look synthetic
Related Terms: Microfiber, Suede, Alcantara
Sueding
Care & FinishingA finishing process that creates a soft, suede-like surface on fabric through mechanical or chemical means.
Applications: Fashion fabrics, Peach Skin finish, Soft-touch fabrics
Advantages: Soft, luxurious surface feel, premium hand feel
Disadvantages: Can reduce fabric strength
Related Terms: Brushing, Peach Finish, Microfiber
Supply Chain
Business & Trade TermsThe complete network of entities involved in creating and delivering a product, from raw material suppliers through manufacturers to end consumers.
Applications: Business strategy, risk management, sustainability reporting
Advantages: Understanding supply chain enables optimization and risk management
Disadvantages: Complex, global supply chains have many risk points
Related Terms: Sourcing, Vendor, Traceability
T
T&A Calendar
Production & ManufacturingTime and Action Calendar. A detailed production schedule listing every task, responsible party, and deadline from order to delivery.
Applications: Production management, buyer-supplier communication
Advantages: Prevents delays by tracking every production step
Disadvantages: Requires discipline to maintain and follow
Related Terms: Production Calendar, Lead Time, Critical Path
T/T
Business & Trade TermsTelegraphic Transfer. A bank wire transfer payment method. Common terms are 30% deposit before production, 70% balance before shipment.
Applications: International B2B payments, most common textile trade payment
Advantages: Simple, direct, widely accepted
Disadvantages: Less secure than LC, buyer has limited protection
Related Terms: LC, Payment Terms, Wire Transfer
Techpack
Production & ManufacturingA technical package or specification sheet containing all design and construction details needed to produce a garment. Includes measurements, materials, colors, trims, and construction notes.
Applications: Communication between designer and manufacturer, quality control reference
Advantages: Reduces miscommunication, ensures accurate production
Disadvantages: Time-consuming to create, requires technical knowledge
Related Terms: Tech Sheet, Specification Sheet, Flat Sketch
Terrycloth
Fabric Types & ConstructionsA pile fabric with loops on one or both sides. The loops create high absorbency. Used for towels and bathrobes.
Applications: Towels, Bathrobes, Baby Products, Beach Wear
Advantages: Highly absorbent, soft, warm
Disadvantages: Loops can snag, heavy when wet, slow to dry
Related Terms: French Terry, Velour, Loop Knit
Thermal Knit
Fabric Types & ConstructionsA knit fabric with a waffle or honeycomb texture designed to trap air and provide insulation for warmth.
Applications: Thermal Underwear, Base Layers, Winter Wear
Advantages: Good insulation, lightweight, breathable
Disadvantages: Distinctive texture may show through outerwear
Related Terms: Waffle Knit, Base Layer, Underwear
Tolerance
Sizing & MeasurementsThe acceptable range of variation from specified measurements in garment production. Typically ±1cm for most measurements.
Applications: Quality control, garment specification
Advantages: Allows for practical manufacturing variation
Disadvantages: Cumulative tolerances can result in significant variation
Related Terms: Measurement Spec, Quality Control, AQL
Traceability
Business & Trade TermsThe ability to track a product through all stages of production from raw material to finished goods. Increasingly required for sustainability compliance.
Applications: Sustainability reporting, EUDR compliance, brand transparency
Advantages: Proves sustainability claims, builds consumer trust
Disadvantages: Complex and costly to implement across full supply chain
Related Terms: Supply Chain, Transparency, Blockchain
Tricot
Fabric Types & ConstructionsA warp-knit fabric with fine ribs running vertically. Smooth on one side and textured on the other. Common in lingerie.
Applications: Lingerie, Swimwear, Sportswear, Linings
Advantages: Snag-resistant, does not run, smooth, lightweight
Disadvantages: Less stretch than weft knits
Related Terms: Warp Knit, Lingerie Fabric
Trim
Production & ManufacturingAll components of a garment other than the main fabric. Includes buttons, zippers, labels, elastic, thread, and decorative elements.
Applications: All garment production
Advantages: Defines garment functionality and aesthetic
Disadvantages: Multiple trim items require careful sourcing and quality control
Tulle
Fabric Types & ConstructionsA lightweight, very fine netting fabric originally made from silk. Now commonly nylon or polyester. Used for structure and volume.
Applications: Bridal Veils, Ballet Tutus, Evening Gowns, Petticoats
Advantages: Creates volume without weight, fine texture
Disadvantages: Scratchy against skin, snags easily
Tunnel Dryer
Machinery & EquipmentA conveyor-belt drying system that cures screen printing ink by passing printed garments through a heated tunnel at controlled temperature and speed.
Applications: Screen printing ink curing, high-volume production
Advantages: High throughput, consistent curing, essential for production screen printing
Disadvantages: High energy consumption, large footprint
Related Terms: Screen Printing, Flash Dryer, Curing
Tweed
Fabric Types & ConstructionsA rough, unfinished woolen fabric typically with a herringbone or twill weave. Associated with traditional British and Irish clothing.
Applications: Jackets, Suits, Coats, Skirts
Advantages: Very durable, warm, classic aesthetic, water-resistant
Disadvantages: Heavy, can be itchy, formal aesthetic limits versatility
Related Terms: Wool, Herringbone, Harris Tweed
Twill
Fabric Types & ConstructionsA fabric weave pattern characterized by diagonal parallel ridges. Creates a strong, durable fabric. Includes denim and chino.
Applications: Denim, Chinos, Workwear, Suits, Tweed
Advantages: Strong, drapes well, hides dirt better than plain weave, durable
Disadvantages: Heavier than plain weave fabrics
Related Terms: Denim, Herringbone, Chino, Diagonal Weave
Two-Way Stretch
Fabric Types & ConstructionsA fabric that stretches in one direction only, typically horizontal (crosswise). Most knit fabrics have two-way stretch.
Applications: T-shirts, Basic Knitwear, Casual Wear
Advantages: More affordable than four-way stretch, comfortable
Disadvantages: Less versatile than four-way stretch
Related Terms: Four-Way Stretch, Knit Fabric
U
Upcycling
Sustainability & Eco TermsThe process of transforming waste materials or unwanted products into new materials or products of higher quality or value.
Applications: Sustainable fashion, deadstock fabric use, zero waste design
Advantages: Reduces waste, creates unique products, sustainability credentials
Disadvantages: Limited scalability, inconsistent material supply
Related Terms: Circular Fashion, Recycling, Deadstock
UPF
Care & FinishingUltraviolet Protection Factor. The rating system for UV protection in clothing. UPF 50+ blocks 98% of UV radiation.
Applications: Sun protective clothing, outdoor wear, swimwear
Advantages: Standardized measurement of UV protection
Disadvantages: Can decrease with stretching, wet, or worn fabric
Related Terms: UV Protection, SPF, Technical Textile
UV Protection Finish
Care & FinishingA finish applied to fabric to block harmful ultraviolet radiation. Rated by UPF (Ultraviolet Protection Factor).
Applications: Outdoor Clothing, Swimwear, Children’s Sun Wear
Advantages: Protects skin from UV damage, health benefit
Disadvantages: Can reduce over time with washing and UV exposure
Related Terms: UPF, Sun Protection, Technical Finish
V
Vanity Sizing
Sizing & MeasurementsThe practice of labeling garments with smaller size numbers than actual measurements to flatter customers. Causes sizing inconsistency across brands.
Applications: Consumer retail market
Advantages: Short-term customer satisfaction
Disadvantages: Causes confusion, inconsistency across brands
Related Terms: Size Chart, Standardization, Consumer Market
Velour
Fabric Types & ConstructionsA plush, knit fabric with a cut pile surface similar to velvet but with more stretch. Softer and more casual than velvet.
Applications: Tracksuits, Loungewear, Casual Jackets, Children’s Wear
Advantages: Soft, luxurious feel, comfortable, good drape
Disadvantages: Pile can flatten, shows marks easily
Related Terms: Velvet, Terry Cloth, Plush
Velvet
Fabric Types & ConstructionsA woven fabric with a short, dense pile that creates a smooth, soft surface with a distinctive sheen. Originally made from silk, now commonly polyester or cotton.
Applications: Evening Wear, Jackets, Dresses, Upholstery, Accessories
Advantages: Luxurious appearance, soft, rich color depth
Disadvantages: Crushes easily, difficult to clean, expensive
Velveteen
Fabric Types & ConstructionsA cotton fabric with a short pile resembling velvet. Less lustrous than silk velvet but more affordable and easier to care for.
Applications: Casual Garments, Children’s Wear, Accessories, Craft Fabric
Advantages: More affordable than velvet, easy to care for, durable
Disadvantages: Less luxurious than true velvet, pile direction must be maintained
Voile
Fabric Types & ConstructionsA sheer, lightweight plain-weave fabric with a crisp finish. Made from cotton, polyester, or wool.
Applications: Blouses, Dresses, Curtains, Scarves
Advantages: Lightweight, elegant, drapes beautifully
Disadvantages: Very sheer, requires lining or layering
W
Waffle Knit
Fabric Types & ConstructionsA knit fabric with a distinctive square or rectangular textured pattern resembling a waffle grid. Provides thermal properties due to air pockets.
Applications: Thermal Underwear, Casual Tops, Loungewear, Bathrobes
Advantages: Thermal insulation, distinctive texture, lightweight
Disadvantages: Snags easily, pattern can distort when stretched
Related Terms: Rib Knit, Thermal Knit, Honeycomb
Warp Knit
Fabric Types & ConstructionsA knit fabric produced by machines where yarns run vertically (warp direction) and are looped together. Includes tricot and raschel fabrics.
Applications: Lingerie, Sportswear, Mesh, Lace
Advantages: Less stretchy than weft knit, does not unravel, smooth
Disadvantages: Less elastic in horizontal direction
Water Footprint
Sustainability & Eco TermsThe total volume of freshwater used to produce a product. Cotton production requires approximately 10,000-20,000 liters of water per kilogram.
Applications: Sustainability assessment, water stewardship programs
Advantages: Quantifies water impact for sustainable decision making
Disadvantages: Complex to measure accurately across supply chain
Related Terms: Sustainability, Water Stewardship, Cotton Production
Water-based Ink
Print & DecorationScreen printing ink that uses water as a carrier instead of PVC. More eco-friendly than plastisol with a softer hand feel.
Applications: Fashion T-shirts, Eco-conscious brands, Soft-hand printing
Advantages: Eco-friendly, soft hand feel, breathable print
Disadvantages: Less opaque on dark fabrics, more difficult to work with
Related Terms: Plastisol Ink, Discharge Ink, Screen Printing
Waxed Cotton
Fabric Types & ConstructionsCotton fabric treated with paraffin wax to create water-resistant properties while maintaining breathability.
Applications: Outdoor Jackets, Bags, Hats, Country Wear
Advantages: Water-resistant, develops character with age, durable
Disadvantages: Heavy, cannot be machine washed, wax can transfer
Related Terms: Canvas, Oilskin, Technical Fabrics
Weft Knit
Fabric Types & ConstructionsA knit fabric produced by machines where yarn runs horizontally (weft direction). The most common knitting method for apparel fabrics.
Applications: T-shirts, Sweaters, Socks, Most Knit Apparel
Advantages: Highly elastic, comfortable, versatile
Disadvantages: Can unravel if yarn is cut, runs can form
White Label
Production & ManufacturingA product produced by one manufacturer that other companies rebrand and sell as their own. Unlike private label, white label products are identical across multiple brands.
Applications: Generic products sold under multiple brand names
Advantages: Very quick to market, minimal development cost
Disadvantages: No product differentiation from competitors
Related Terms: Private Label, OEM
Wicking Fabric
Fabric Types & ConstructionsA generic term for fabrics engineered to pull moisture away from the skin and disperse it across the fabric surface for rapid evaporation.
Applications: Sportswear, Base Layers, Outdoor Apparel
Advantages: Keeps wearer dry and comfortable during activity
Disadvantages: Usually synthetic, retains odors over time
Related Terms: Moisture Management, Performance Fabrics, Dri-FIT
Windowpane
Fabric Types & ConstructionsA check pattern consisting of thin lines forming large squares, resembling window panes. Used primarily in suiting fabrics.
Applications: Suits, Jackets, Trousers
Advantages: Classic, versatile pattern for formal wear
Disadvantages: Pattern matching required at seams
Woven Label
Print & DecorationA label made by weaving yarn on a loom to create a permanent, high-quality branded label. More durable than printed labels.
Applications: Brand labels, Care labels, Country of Origin labels
Advantages: Permanent, durable, high-quality appearance, does not fade
Disadvantages: Higher cost than printed labels, minimum order quantities
Related Terms: Printed Label, Hang Tag, Brand Identity
WRAP
Quality & CertificationsWorldwide Responsible Accredited Production. An independent certification program focused on lawful, humane, and ethical manufacturing.
Applications: Garment factories, social compliance auditing
Advantages: Internationally recognized social compliance standard
Disadvantages: Annual audit costs, ongoing compliance requirements
Related Terms: BSCI, SA8000, Social Compliance
Y
Yield
Production & ManufacturingThe amount of fabric required to produce one unit of a garment. Calculated from marker efficiency and pattern pieces.
Applications: Costing, fabric ordering, production planning
Advantages: Accurate fabric consumption prevents shortages or excess
Disadvantages: Complex to calculate for garments with many pieces
Related Terms: Marker Making, Fabric Consumption, Costing
⚠️ Disclaimer: This glossary is provided for informational and educational purposes only. While we strive for accuracy, Vera Nadar Textile does not guarantee the completeness or reliability of any definition. For specific technical advice or product inquiries, please contact our team directly.
📅 Last Updated: July 2026 | © Vera Nadar Textile. All rights reserved.
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